Gilded age apush definition - Rockefeller and the Oil. In the 1850s, petroleum was a bothersome, smelly fluid that occasionally rose to the surface of springs and streams. Some entrepreneurs bottled it in patent medications and others burned it. Soon it was discovered that by drilling, you could reach pockets of it under the earth.

 
APUSH Unit 6 - The Gilded Age. Ohio Idea. Click the card to flip 👆. Idea devised by the delegates from the Midwest, proposing that federal war bonds from the Civil War was to be redeemed in greenbacks instead of gold. Overall effect: began the dispute over monetary policy (probably the silver and gold crap). Missing mail claim

0-9. Gilded Age Politics. 1868–1896. Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age is chapter 23 of the APUSH curriculum. This outline provides notes, additional facts, and links to entries to provide students with a deeper understanding of concepts and topics related to politics in the Gilded Age.Era of Good Feelings APUSH Definition The Era of Good Feelings refers to a period of relative political harmony and national unity in the United States that occurred from approximately 1817 to 1825. Taking place during James Monroe’s presidency, this era was characterized by a decline in partisan conflicts, with the Federalist Party losing ... APUSH: Chapter 23 - Section 2. Gilded Age. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition: A sarcastic name given to the three-decade long post-Civil War era by Mark Twain in 1873. This name hinted that the times looked good but were actually full of corruption. Historical Significance: During this time period, the political affiliation was rarely ... The Gilded Age, which spanned from the 1870s to the 1890s, was a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth in the United States. The country underwent a transformation from an agrarian to an industrialized economy, as new technologies and innovations led to the growth of industries such as steel, oil, and railroads.APUSH—Kind Gilded Age Economics Characteristics of a New Industrial, Urban, Immigrant America ... Gilded Age Economics Economic Instability Major Depressions: 1873-1879, 1882-1885, 1883- ... Case decided based on 14th Amendment & definition of corporations as Citizens.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The Gilded Age is the mid-late 1870s to 1900., Mark Twain, Gilded means something that looks nice on the outside but is cheap on the inside. In reference to America, everyone thought we were great because we had democracy, a booming economy, and many opportunities for …Overview. During the Gilded Age, politics were riddled with corruption as presidents awarded government positions to political supporters through the patronage or spoils system. Although several presidents made limited efforts toward reforming the spoils system, it was not until disappointed office-seeker Charles Guiteau assassinated …Print Page. Underwood Archives/Getty Images. “The Gilded Age” is the term used to describe the tumultuous years between the Civil War and the turn of the 20th century. The Gilded Age: A Tale ...A glass or antiques expert can verify the age of the glass. Valuable antique glass is characterized by signs of wear, defects and rough mold edges. Antique glass typically shows si... Jim Crow segregation was a way of life that combined a system of anti-black laws and race-prejudiced cultural practices. The term " Jim Crow " is often used as a synonym for racial segregation, particularly in the American South. The Jim Crow South was the era during which local and state laws enforced the legal segregation of white and black ... African artists, like Adekunle Gold, will look to build on a stellar 2021 for Afrobeats with new albums and international collaborations. In the video for Pick Up, Adekunle Gold is...Topic 6.13. Politics in the Gilded Age. THEMATIC FOCUS Politics and Power (PCE) Debates fostered by social and political groups about the role of government in. …Jim Crow segregation was a way of life that combined a system of anti-black laws and race-prejudiced cultural practices. The term " Jim Crow " is often used as a synonym for racial segregation, particularly in the American South. The Jim Crow South was the era during which local and state laws enforced the legal segregation of white and black ...America Moves to the City is chapter 25 of the APUSH curriculum. This outline provides notes, additional facts, and links to entries to provide students with a … Overview. Politics in the Gilded Age were characterized by scandal and corruption, but voter turnout reached an all-time high. The Republican Party supported business and industry with a protective tariff and hard money policies. The Democratic Party opposed the tariff and eventually adopted the free silver platform. Transcript. The Gilded Age, a term coined by Mark Twain, was a time of intense industrialization in America from 1865 to 1898. Despite the appearance of prosperity, it was marked by political corruption and vast wealth disparities. Titans of industry like Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, and John D. Rockefeller amassed fortunes, while immigrants ... The phrase “We will all laugh at gilded butterflies” comes from the play “King Lear” by William Shakespeare. In the quote, the phrase “gilded butterflies” refers to pretentious cou...He became the world's richest man and first U.S. dollar billionaire. A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York.By 1900, more than 80,000 tenements had been built in New York City. They housed a population of 2.3 million people, a full two-thirds of the city's total population of around 3.4 million. A ... Amsco APUSH Chapter 18. 80 terms. roseandisabella. Preview. Progressive Unit Vocab - 8R. 19 terms. BlueRabbit96310. Preview. ... understood place of greed in Gilded Age. We live in a gilded age of home improvement, when we have virtually everything we need to build and repair a home just a short drive or keystroke away. Still, should you shop at a ...GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/3NUwwmjAP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet): +APUSH Heimler Revi... Topic 6.13Politics in the Gilded Age. political parties, and the rights of citizens. Explain the similarities and differences between the political parties during the Gilded Age. Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People’s (Populist) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American ... Munn vs Illinois (railroad case 1877) what: Supreme court case that affirmed that states could regulate key businesses such as railroads and grain elevators if those businesses were "clothed in the public interest"; Court upheld the power of state governments to regulate private industries that affect "the common good."why: as a result of the ...The embarrassment over the Wilson-Gorman Tariff caused the Democrats to lose seats in Congress, giving the Republicans an majority in Congress. Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, and Cleveland were known as the " forgettable presidents ." Detailed notes for Chapter 23 of the 15th edition of the AP U.S. History textbook, The American Pageant.Populist Platform. This political ideology was all for: 1)unlimited silver coinage, 2)a graduated income tax, 3)U.S. gov't publicly owning railroads 4)gov't owned and operated telegraphs and phones, 5)loans and federal warehouses for crops, and 6)an 8-hr workday. Panic of 1893. A 4-yr deoression during Cleveland's first term that was caused by ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) Compare and contrast the objectives and strategies of the Industrial Worker and the Populists for challenging the prevailing economic beliefs and practices of the Gilded Age., 2) Describe the causes and effects of America's rise as an industrial power., 3) Compare and contrast the livelihood and the discrimination faced by ...GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/3NUwwmjAP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet): +APUSH Heimler Revi...Rockefeller and the Oil. In the 1850s, petroleum was a bothersome, smelly fluid that occasionally rose to the surface of springs and streams. Some entrepreneurs bottled it in patent medications and others burned it. Soon it was discovered that by drilling, you could reach pockets of it under the earth.Overview. The Populists were an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country’s farmers and agrarian workers. The Populist movement was preceded by the Farmer’s Alliance and the Grange. The People’s Party was a political party founded in 1891 by leaders of the Populist movement.Topic 6.13Politics in the Gilded Age. political parties, and the rights of citizens. Explain the similarities and differences between the political parties during the Gilded Age. Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People’s (Populist) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American ...GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/3NUwwmjAP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet): +APUSH Heimler Revi...Gilded age (1877-1900) A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high ...The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba. Emilio Aguinaldo.Munn vs Illinois (railroad case 1877) what: Supreme court case that affirmed that states could regulate key businesses such as railroads and grain elevators if those businesses were "clothed in the public interest"; Court upheld the power of state governments to regulate private industries that affect "the common good."why: as a result of the ...APUSH AMSCO chapter 16 key terms. 65 terms. isabelle_w. Preview. Adolescent Psych Exam 2 (Chapter 6) 32 terms. tfriedman12. Preview. ... ideals, showed social changes of the time - city life, scramble for money and power, understood place of greed in Gilded Age. dumbbell tenement. housing built in slums that were to have at least one window in ... APUSH PERIOD 6: 1865-1898 EXPLAINED: ... 1868-1890s. Topics: Gilded Age Politics: 1868-1890 President Grant. Granitsm, Credit Mobilier Affair, Tammany Hall, Boss ... APUSH Gilded Age. In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors. Uncovered in Grant's Administration.The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba. Emilio Aguinaldo.APUSH The Gilded Age. Get a hint. Winfield Scott Hancock. Click the card to flip 👆. democratic nominee in the 1880 presidential election and civil way veteran. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 133. Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah by Union Pacific and Central Pacific. Revolutionized transportation in the West and pushed industrialization. Made possible by new steel technologies. Homestead Act. Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years and aimed to get more people to move West. Jim Crow segregation was a way of life that combined a system of anti-black laws and race-prejudiced cultural practices. The term " Jim Crow " is often used as a synonym for racial segregation, particularly in the American South. The Jim Crow South was the era during which local and state laws enforced the legal segregation of white and black ... AP United States History. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday ...apush gilded age quiz 1. Get a hint. Gilded Age. Click the card to flip 👆. A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. Click the card to flip 👆.Feb 13, 2018 · Print Page. Underwood Archives/Getty Images. “The Gilded Age” is the term used to describe the tumultuous years between the Civil War and the turn of the 20th century. The Gilded Age: A Tale ... Financier who arranged the merger which created the U.S. Steel Corporation, the world's first billion dollar corporation. Everyone involved in the merger became rich. (Vertical consolidation). Start studying APUSH Vocab: Gilded Age 1-22. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.The Path of Empire. 1890–1899. The Path of Empire is chapter 27 of the APUSH curriculum. This outline provides notes, additional facts, and links to entries to provide students with a deeper understanding of concepts and topics related to American Imperialism during the Gilded Age. This illustration depicts Theodore Roosevelt and the … Henry Grady. He was a major prophet of the "new south". He saw the "new south" as a perfect democracy, and favored small farms and a diversified industry. Many of his supporters favored industrial growth, and he himself believed that the key reason why the south lost the war was due to their heavy reliance on cotton. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like American Federation of Labor, Bessemer Process, Andrew Carnegie and more. In 1881, Helen Hunt Jackson published a book called "A Century of Dishonor" which discussed the mistreatment, violence and broken treaties that indigenous Americans had faced at the hands of the U.S. government and white settlers. Journalist Ida B. Wells campaigned against the lynching of black men in the South. The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba. Emilio Aguinaldo.APUSH PERIOD 6: 1865-1898 EXPLAINED: ... 1868-1890s. Topics: Gilded Age Politics: 1868-1890 President Grant. Granitsm, Credit Mobilier Affair, Tammany Hall, Boss ...Immigration and migration in the Gilded Age. Read the passage and answer the question below. “Although the effects of immigrants on the composition of the U.S. population were apparent by the census of 1870, it was the dramatic shift, between the 1880s and 1900s, in the sources of European immigration to the United States from …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) Compare and contrast the objectives and strategies of the Industrial Worker and the Populists for challenging the prevailing economic beliefs and practices of the Gilded Age., 2) Describe the causes and effects of America's rise as an industrial power., 3) Compare and contrast the livelihood and the discrimination faced by ...APUSH 6.11: Reform in the Gilded Age. Henry George. Click the card to flip 👆. Author of Progress and Poverty, in which he criticized the effects of laissez-faire economics and encouraged economic reforms and increased government regulation. Click the card to flip 👆.Examples that earn this point include: “New technologies fostered tremendous changes in U.S. industry between 1865 and 1900 by expanding the scale of industrial production.”. “New technologies changed U.S. industry by accelerating the pace of changes introduced in earlier periods.”. Unit 7 Study Guide. apush_unit_7_study_guide.docx. Download File. American Pageant. Chapter 23 - Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 ( Course Notes) Chapter 24 - Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900 ( Course Notes) Chapter 25 - America Moves to the City, 1865-1900 ( Course Notes) APUSH Gilded Age. The current ___________ was formed on March 11, 1824, by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, who created the agency without authorization from the United States Congress. The Bureau of Indian Affairs has been involved in many controversial policies; rounding up native children and sending them to boarding schools to be ... Start studying apush gilded age. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. ... Tammany Hall was originally a nativist society but also encompassed political corruption in the Gilded Age. definition: a powerful political machine from around 1868-1873, bribed government officials and its members used their ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like gilded age, boss tweed', thomas nast and more. ... Apush Ch.35 Terms- Per.8 1945-2016. 17 terms ... Transistors and the Computer Age - Transistors and the computer age are linked together. Learn about computing, transistors and the computer age. Advertisement Once mass-produced t...Era of Good Feelings APUSH Definition The Era of Good Feelings refers to a period of relative political harmony and national unity in the United States that occurred from approximately 1817 to 1825. Taking place during James Monroe’s presidency, this era was characterized by a decline in partisan conflicts, with the Federalist Party losing ...Overview. The Populists were an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country’s farmers and agrarian workers. The Populist movement was preceded by the Farmer’s Alliance and the Grange. The People’s Party was a political party founded in 1891 by leaders of the Populist movement.Feb 28, 2024 · The Industrial Revolution and the Gilded Age. 1865–1900. Industry Comes of Age is chapter 24 of the APUSH curriculum. This outline provides notes, additional facts, and links to entries to provide students with a deeper understanding of concepts and topics related to the Industrial Revolution during the Gilded Age. The Last Spike by Thomas Hill. The thesis must make a historically defensible claim that establishes a line of reasoning about how the Civil War fostered change in the United States economy inThere are three main concepts that help contextualize Andrew Carnegie’s work: the Gilded Age, industrialization, and Social Darwinism. The Gilded Age. The Gilded Age is the period of United States history spanning roughly the 1870’s until 1900 (It is important to understand different time periods on the APUSH test, so make sure you …Cram for AP US History Unit 6 – Topic 6.12 with study guides and practice quizzes to review Laissez-faire, Trusts Monopolies, Labor Unions, and more. ... The Gilded Age (1870s-1900) was a period in US history marked by rapid economic growth, particularly in the North and West. However, it was also characterized by severe social problems, …Overview. The Populists were an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country’s farmers and agrarian workers. The Populist movement was preceded by the Farmer’s Alliance and the Grange. The People’s Party was a political party founded in 1891 by leaders of the Populist movement.APUSH Gilded Age Terms. Offspring of the movement to reform Indian policy; the act dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free arcs. If they behaved like "god white settlers" they would get full title to their holdings, and citizenship in 25 years.Apple, Dunkin' and that pricey cooler company -- Yeti -- are among the big names reporting this week. Another week of big earnings is upon us. From major tech names like Apple ...About. Transcript. The Gilded Age was marked by the Second Industrial Revolution, introducing mass production and new technologies like the Bessemer process for making steel, railroads, and the telephone. These innovations connected markets, transformed cities, and changed the American economic system, leading to a boom in wealth and …1865–1896. Great West and the Agricultural Revolution is chapter 26 of the APUSH curriculum. This outline provides notes, additional facts, and links to entries to provide students with a deeper understanding of concepts and topics related to the agricultural revolution that helped transform the West during the Gilded Age.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Gilded Age, Solid South, Roscoe Conkling and more. ... Final Apush Study Guide - Multiple Choice. 25 terms. rylandherzog5. Preview. MGMT 361 Exam 1 part 1. 33 terms. camillecamano. Preview. Chapter 28.1 & 28.2. Teacher 20 terms. StudentTeaching. Preview. AP euro FRQ's.APUSH Period 6 "National Politics in the Gilded Age". Gilded Age. Click the card to flip 👆. 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor. Click the card to flip 👆.The phrase “We will all laugh at gilded butterflies” comes from the play “King Lear” by William Shakespeare. In the quote, the phrase “gilded butterflies” refers to pretentious cou...GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/3NUwwmjAP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet): +APUSH Heimler Revi...apush Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... Definition of Security Information. 18 terms. lamnguyen29. Preview. chapter 4 part 2. 23 terms. lauren_petrick1. ... In 1873 along with the help of Charles Dudley Warner he wrote The Gilded Age. This is why the time period is called the "Gilded Age". The greatest contribution he ...By 1900, more than 80,000 tenements had been built in New York City. They housed a population of 2.3 million people, a full two-thirds of the city's total population of around 3.4 million. A ...Created by. emmacoll18. Terms in this set (71) The Gilded Age. 1877-1900; rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration; rise of big business and the labor movement; the Populist movement. Laissez Faire. idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. Slaughter House Cases.One of the first federal laws to restrict immigration was the Immigration Act of 1882. This law placed a 50-cent tax on each immigrant, and excluded certain groups, such as convicts and those with certain diseases, from entering the country. Another significant piece of legislation was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.By 1900, 10% of the U.S. population controlled 90% of the nation’s wealth. Labor and management battled over wages and working conditions, with workers organizing local and national unions and/or directly confronting business leaders. The industrial workforce expanded and child labor increased.AP®ď¸Ž US History exam skills and strategies. Unit 11. AP®ď¸Ž US History standards mappings. Course challenge. ... Labor in the Gilded Age Get 3 of 4 questions to level up! Quiz 2. Level up on the above skills and collect up to 240 Mastery points Start quiz. Immigration and migration in the Gilded Age.Overview. Politics in the Gilded Age were characterized by scandal and corruption, but voter turnout reached an all-time high. The Republican Party supported business and industry with a protective tariff and hard money policies. The Democratic Party opposed the tariff and eventually adopted the free silver platform.APUSH Unit 5. 5.0 (1 review) Gilded Age. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition: A name for the late 1800s to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. Historical significance: The great industrial success of the U.S. and the lifestyles of the wealthy hid ...

The term “heir” feels like it belongs in the Gilded Age, along with surnames like Rockefeller and Vanderbilt. Nonetheless, quite a few Americans still reap the benefits of a lofty .... Letter k starfall

gilded age apush definition

APUSH: the gilded age, capital and labor 1-41. great railroad strike of 1877. Click the card to flip 👆. -first major interstate strike in American history. -rail workers went of strike because of cut wages due to the depression. -showed the strength of the union and the need for tighter organization. -After this strike, it was said that ...By 1900, more than 80,000 tenements had been built in New York City. They housed a population of 2.3 million people, a full two-thirds of the city's total population of around 3.4 million. A ... Topic 6.13Politics in the Gilded Age. political parties, and the rights of citizens. Explain the similarities and differences between the political parties during the Gilded Age. Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People’s (Populist) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American ... GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/3NUwwmjAP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet): +APUSH Heimler Revi... The Insider Trading Activity of Bird B. AG on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following was NOT a factor in shaping Gilded Age politics?, The purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was to?, Scholars considered the 1896 election "critical" because? and more. ... APUSH Gilded Age Multiple Choice Quiz. Teacher 11 terms. thekms0303. Preview. US ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like European Ways, Iroquois of New England and 5 civilized tribes of the South, American Government and more.Overview. Politics in the Gilded Age were characterized by scandal and corruption, but voter turnout reached an all-time high. The Republican Party supported business and industry with a protective tariff and hard money policies. The Democratic Party opposed the tariff and eventually adopted the free silver platform.Jim Crow segregation was a way of life that combined a system of anti-black laws and race-prejudiced cultural practices. The term "Jim Crow" is often used as a synonym for racial segregation, particularly in the American South.The Jim Crow South was the era during which local and state laws enforced the legal segregation of white and black citizens …22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes. Benjamin Harrison. 23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a ...Examples that earn this point include: “New technologies fostered tremendous changes in U.S. industry between 1865 and 1900 by expanding the scale of industrial production.”. “New technologies changed U.S. industry by accelerating the pace of changes introduced in earlier periods.”. The Gilded Age, which spanned from the 1870s to the 1890s, was a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth in the United States. The country underwent a transformation from an agrarian to an industrialized economy, as new technologies and innovations led to the growth of industries such as steel, oil, and railroads. The Gilded Age APUSH. William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like European Ways, Iroquois of New England and 5 civilized tribes of the South, American Government and more.1890–1899. The Path of Empire is chapter 27 of the APUSH curriculum. This outline provides notes, additional facts, and links to entries to provide students with a …The embarrassment over the Wilson-Gorman Tariff caused the Democrats to lose seats in Congress, giving the Republicans an majority in Congress. Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, and Cleveland were known as the " forgettable presidents ." Detailed notes for Chapter 23 of the 15th edition of the AP U.S. History textbook, The American Pageant.mark twain. midwestern born writer and lecturer who created a new style of American literature based on social realism and humor, (born Samuel Clemens).caught the spirit of the Gilded Age. His works combined real depth with a comic genius that exposed the pretentiousness and meanness of human beings. Also put a good word in for the west …Overview. During the Gilded Age, male and female office workers expanded the ranks of the middle class. Larger incomes and increased leisure time among middle- class workers fostered a culture of consumption and popular amusements in American cities. The wealthiest Americans debated whether and how to use their fortunes to improve society..

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